Compare South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2008) - San Marino (2001)

Compare South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2008) z San Marino (2001)

	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2008)	San Marino (2001)

Administrative divisions	-	9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 15.88% (male 2,241; female 2,100) 15-64 years: 67.94% (male 9,048; female 9,525) 65 years and over: 16.18% (male 1,902; female 2,520) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides
Airports	-	none
Area	total: 3,903 sq km land: 3,903 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of 11 islands	total: 61.2 sq km land: 61.2 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than Rhode Island	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The islands, which have large bird and seal populations, lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908 - except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. Famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses scientists from the British Antarctic Survey. Recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 nm to 200 nm around each island.	The third smallest state in Europe (after The Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.
Birth rate	-	10.76 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $400 million expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital	-	San Marino
Climate	variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow	Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Coastline	NA km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	-	8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Country name	conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none abbreviation: SGSSI	conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino
Currency	-	Italian lira (ITL); euro (EUR)
Death rate	-	7.68 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external	-	$NA
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina; administered from the Falkland Islands by a commissioner, who is concurrently governor of the Falkland Islands, representing Queen ELIZABETH II	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)	the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)	San Marino does not have an embassy in the US honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC, and New York honorary consulate(s): Detroit
Disputes - international	Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied them by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	$NA
Economy - overview	Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting finfish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK, sale of fishing licenses, and harbor and landing fees from tourist vessels. Tourism from specialized cruise ships is increasing rapidly.	The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1999 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.
Electricity - consumption	-	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh note: electric power supplied by Italy (1999)
Electricity - imports	-	NA kWh note: electricity supplied by Italy
Electricity - production	-	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA%
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m	lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 755 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Ethnic groups	-	Sammarinese, Italian
Exchange rates	-	euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); Italian lire per US dollar - 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997), 1,542.9 (1996)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Luigi LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Fabio BERARDI (for the period 1 April 2001-30 September 2001) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term elections: cochiefs of state (captain regents) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA March 2001 (next to be held NA September 2001); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held NA June 1998 (next to be held NA June 2003) election results: Luigi LONFERNINI and Fabio BERARDI elected captain regents; percent of legislative vote - NA; Gabriele GATTI reelected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are three secretaries of state - Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and several additional secretaries; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed many of the prerogatives of a prime minister
Exports	-	trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Exports - commodities	-	building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a shield with a golden lion centered; the shield is supported by a fur seal on the left and a penguin on the right; a reindeer appears above the shield, and below it on a scroll is the motto LEO TERRAM PROPRIAM PROTEGAT (Let the Lion Protect its Own Land)	two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $860 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $32,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	8% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates	54 30 S, 37 00 W	43 46 N, 12 25 E
Geography - note	the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in the 20th century, live on South Georgia	landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines
Highways	-	total: 220 km paved: 220 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	-	trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Imports - commodities	-	wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Independence	-	3 September 301
Industrial production growth rate	-	6% (1997 est.)
Industries	-	tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Infant mortality rate	-	6.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	2.2% (2000)
International organization participation	-	CE, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	0 sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	-	Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII
Labor force	-	18,500 (1999)
Labor force - by occupation	-	services 60%, industry 38%, agriculture 2% (1998 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 39 km border countries: Italy 39 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (2005)	arable land: 17% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 83% (1993 est.)
Languages	-	Italian
Legal system	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply; the senior magistrate from the Falkland Islands presides over the Magistrates Court	based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 31 May 1998 (next likely to be held by NA June 2001) election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 40.8%, PSS 23.3%, PPDS 18.6%, APDS 9.8%, RC 3.3%, SR 4.2%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 14, PPDS 11, APDS 6, RC 2, SR 2
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 81.23 years male: 77.68 years female: 85.1 years (2001 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95% (1976 est.)
Location	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America	Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references	Antarctic Region	Europe
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	none (landlocked)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	-
Military branches	-	Voluntary Military Force, Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$700,000 (FY00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	NA%
National holiday	-	Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301)
Nationality	-	noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese
Natural hazards	the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism	NA
Natural resources	fish	building stone
Net migration rate	-	11.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Pier Marino MENICUCCI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Mario VENTURINI]; San Marino Progressive Democratic Party or PPDS [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Augusto CASALI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001 replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited	27,336 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	1.45% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	none
Radio broadcast stations	0 (2003)	AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	16,000 (1997)
Railways	-	0 km; note - there is a 1.5 km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore
Religions	-	Roman Catholic
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken	general assessment: adequate connections domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: connected to Italian international network
Telephones - main lines in use	-	18,000 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	3,010 (1998)
Television broadcast stations	0 (2003)	1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)
Terrain	most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes	rugged mountains
Total fertility rate	-	1.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	3% (1999)
Waterways	-	none

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